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Rights Watch

Cyber Speak No Evil

In a flood of lawsuits, students are challenging punishment for ridiculing teachers and principals in cyberspace.

 

By Michael D. Simpson, NEA Office of General Counsel

Courts are now grappling with the question whether students have the First Amendment right to use social media to vilify, parody, or defame school employees. Does the power of school officials to punish students extend to Internet postings? To date, the courts have given conflicting answers.

In J.S. v. Blue Mountain School District, a three-judge panel of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals ruled last February that a Pennsylvania school district didn't violate a middle school student's free speech rights by suspending her for posting on MySpace a fake profile of her principal that used lewd language to describe him as a pedophile and sex addict.

Relying on the Supreme Court's landmark Tinker decision, a 40-year-old, pre-Internet case brought by students suspended for wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War, the court held that students can be punished for online speech if administrators believe the posting could cause a substantial disruption of the school. The court said the profile was potentially disruptive because it undermined the principal's authority and caused the school community to question his character.

In Layshock v. Hermitage School District, however, a different three-judge panel of the Third Circuit ruled on the same day that high school student Justin Layshock couldn't be punished for his fake MySpace profile portraying his principal as a drunk, a drug user, and a big whore. The court held that such speech was protected by the First Amendment because school officials failed to show that the profile was potentially disruptive.

It would be an unseemly and dangerous precedent to allow school authorities to reach into a child's home and control his/her actions there, the court cautioned.

Recognizing the conflict between these two rulings, all 14 judges on the Third Circuit court reheard the cases last June. A new decision is expected by the end of the year.

Other courts hearing similar lawsuits have also applied the Tinker standard, with mixed results:

  • EARLIER THIS YEAR, a federal court in Florida ruled that a high school student couldn't be punished for creating a Facebook group entitled Ms. Sarah Phelps is the worst teacher I've ever met, and inviting other students to express [their] feelings of hatred.
  • THE FEDERAL SECOND CIRCUIT has held that it was not a violation of the First Amendment when a school district disciplined a student for calling administrators douche bags on her personal blog.
  • IN CALIFORNIA, a federal court held that a student could be disciplined for posting on YouTube a slide show depicting the murder of her middle school English teacher.
  • AND A FEDERAL COURT in Washington upheld the 40-day suspension of a high school student for videotaping his teacher in class and then posting the video on YouTube with sexually suggestive graphics and music.

Given the uncertainty in the courts, it is likely that the Supreme Court will step in soon with a definitive ruling on the authority of school officials to punish students for cyberspace speech.

COMMENTS:

1 - 10 out of 191 Comments |Add your comment

u ppl r slow

@ Cale Teacher I agree that making student connections is very important, but no teacher should feel responsible when a student resorts to immature slander. Students who slander should be consequenced, otherwise we're just enabling them. In the adult world, do you consider it appropriate to go around bad-mouthing everyone you don't like?

this is a very good message listen to it people

I think the court truly does need to take some decisive steps regarding technology and students' negative use of it. When they are angry and have decided to post things on a webpage regardless of whether it is true or not, that can have lasting damage to the teacher or student they have posture about. Several students at my school decided acting out the stabbing of their science teacher was a good idea. They were suspended and removed from the academic team. Those types of behaviors are disruptive to the learning environment whether they were made at school or not. I think the students should be lucky that it was a suspension and team change versus legal action. They as well as other tend to forget that once it's out there taking it back is pretty hard, especially when you decide to YouTube it and lots of people have downloaded it before it is noticed. I'm all for technology and freedoms, but where does social responsibility fall? I really think this is an issue that is much larger than the schoolyard and the courts are still trying to navigate their way through it.

Children do not need to know about sexually deviant persons. http://www.clip-mask.com/Masking.html

You CAN figure out how to build relationships and respect with your students and not have to resort to suspension.

This is the first time I have visited this site in search of sound legal counsel. I am embarrassed to know there are educators with a myopic perspective of what is wrong with our schools. It has nothing to do with the 'GOOD BOOK' and everything to do with teaching children how to THINK, not brainwashing them with a lopsided perspective of the world. How sad for all of us.

as sociated and as set

apparently [Explicit] and [Explicit] are bad words.

1) Increased suspension rates lead to lower performance, even when accounting for demographic differences. (www.iub.edu/~safeschl/ChildrenLeftBehind/pdf/2D.pdf) 2) Teachers have to recognize that we can be just as much THE CAUSE of school disruption as students' speech. (All too often, vengeful teachers seek punishment or witch hunts due to hurt feelings. This is what ends up causing disruption at school). I am embarrassed to be [Explicit] with many of the educators that have posted here thus far. Most comments are nothing further than moralist, retrograde polemics. Real tragedies in our schools at the hands of teachers: 1) not using research-supported methods. 2) below average capability and effort. 3) hiding behind the union while targeting students as the problem, rather than using [Explicit] thinking/being mindful of our locus of control (we are unable to change the moral attitudes of our students, we ARE able to to change how we interact with them). Oh, and before you tell me that I don't know what its like and that you have it harder than me -- I teach in a sub-10% meeting/exceeding school that has been in restructuring for ages. You CAN figure out how to build relationships and respect with your students and not have to resort to suspension. Oh, and guess what: if a student writes a bad post about you, it probably means you haven't connected with that student. Side note: the "problem" with this country is the legitimization of ignorance and retributive policies, not students behavior. (See e.g. tea party, Christine O'Donnell, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/20/opinion/20dowd.html?_r=3&hp and http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/22/AR2010102202873_2.html?wpisrc=nl_pmopinions&sid=ST2010102204725)

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October, 2010


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