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The largest and fastest-growing minority group in the United States, the Hispanic population reflects a rich diversity even within its own community. Hispanics trace their origin or descent to Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other countries in Central and South America. Representing 20 nationalities, Hispanics comprised 13.27 percent of the U.S. population in 2005, compared to 9 percent in 1990. The U.S. Census projects that the Hispanic population will double by the year 2050, the result of both high birth rates and immigration.
Hispanics were among the early exploreres and settlers of the New World. Their presence can be traced as far back as the early 1500s. In 1609, 11 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, Mestizo (Indian and Spanish) ancestors settled in what is now Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Several historical events also shaped Hispanic presence in America: the Louisiana Purchase, the admission of Florida and Texas into the Union, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican-American War, the Spanish-American War, the Mexican Revolution, labor shortages during World Wars I and II, the Cuban Revolution, and political instability in Central and South America in the recent past.
Hispanics are changing the composition of cities and states from coast to coast and influencing all segments of American life. At the same time, too many Hispanic students face significant challenges in our public schools.
Many factors contribute to the educational achievement of Hispanic students; however, there are three dominant issues that significantly impact Hispanic student achievement: poverty, immigration status, and English language proficiency. These issues are closely correlated and may sometimes appear insurmountable, but they are not. Many schools throughout the country are implementing strategies to successfully help Hispanic students overcome these challenges.
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