Education Funding and Budget

About Federal Funding for Education 

Of the total amount spent on education in the United States each year, the federal government accounts for less than 10 percent. The rest comes from state and local governments and other non-federal sources. But the federal role is more than money. It’s also about protecting civil rights and ensuring equal opportunity for all students. 

Federal aid for education comes with requirements. To get it, states must follow laws like ESSA, the current version of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the cornerstone of the federal role in education. Different sections of the law target different groups—for example, Title 1 covers schools with high percentages of low-income students.  

The U.S. Department of Education describes the federal role in education as “a kind of ‘emergency response system,’ a means of filling gaps in State and local support for education when critical national needs arise.” 

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act reflects the federal government’s commitment to provide a free, appropriate public education to students with disabilities and paying 40 percent of the additional cost—a commitment that remains unfulfilled.  

NEA is a strong advocate for increasing the federal investment in Department of Education programs and ensuring that they help the students most in need of support and resources.

NEA also advocates for education-related programs administered by other federal agencies—for example, USDA school meals programs and CHIP, the Children’s Health Insurance Program.

The Reconciliation Process 

Generally, because of the filibuster, it takes 60 votes to pass a bill in the Senate. Reconciliation plays by special rules that require only a simple majority—51 votes instead of the usual 60, or just 50 votes when the vice president is of the same party as the majority.    

The first step is adopting an overall framework. In February, the House took that step with a resolution calling for $1.7 trillion in spending cuts, $4.5 trillion in tax cuts, and a $2.8 trillion increase in the deficit—a vast understatement, according to the Penn Wharton Budget Model.   

Over the long term, it is counterproductive to pay for tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations by slashing investments in our students—America’s future leaders and workforce. Nevertheless, that is precisely what is planned.